Themelios 49, 2 (August 2024)

The latest Themelios is online here (and available here as a single pdf), containing the below articles.

Editorial

Brian J. Tabb

What Makes a ‘Good’ Theological Article?

Drawing on his years of experience as Themelios’s editor, Tabb explains in detail what a quality theological essay involves. An article must be aligned with the journal’s aims and marked by fidelity, freshness, fitness, focus, rigor, readability, and relevance.

Strange Times

Daniel Strange

The Tightrope of Teaching Typology

Strange reflects on the nature of two typologies – Alan Race’s threefold typology of religion and H. Richard Niebuhr’s fivefold typology of culture– and how they relate to theological education. By classifying and organizing religions and cultures, believers function in the image of God.

Kevin DeYoung

A Tale of Two Texts: How the Westminster Confession of Faith Was Changed by American Presbyterians to Reflect a New Understanding of the Civil Magistrate

DeYoung juxtaposes the American Presbyterians’ revision of the Westminster Confession of Faith in 1788 with the original 1646 version. He highlights how the American Presbyterians rejected the European model of the relationship between church and state, preferring to keep the two generally separate.

Nathan Cantu

“Do Not Think It Is Impossible for Anyone to Please God While Engaged in Active Military Service”: An Augustinian Critique of the Narrative of the American Military

Cantu applies Augustine’s insights in Confessions and The City of God. According to Augustine, Christians don’t participate in military service for the glory and expansion of the state but to preserve peace, restrain evil, and facilitate the church’s work.

Joshua Bremerman

Wisdom Is Vindicated by Her Deeds: Ecclesiastes 3:1–15 in Matthew 11:16–19

This article proposes an Old Testament allusion to Ecclesiastes 3 in Matthew 11:16–19. Ecclesiastes 3:1–15 is the “wisdom” that Jesus has in mind, and Bremerman argues that the context of Ecclesiastes 3 sheds light on Jesus’s biting critique of his audience.

Mark Makowiecki

Irenaeus and the Adam-Christ Typology in the Gospel of John

Some scholars propose that Adam Christology is only found in Pauline literature. Makowiecki, however, argues it can be discerned in Irenaeus’s reading of John’s Gospel. The Fourth Gospel is a treasure trove of insights into the relationship between Adam and Christ.

Timothy E. Miller

Unbelieving Child and Qualified Elder: A Case for “Faithful” Children in Titus 1:6

Commentators and English translations have leaned toward the “believing” position on Titus 1:6: elders must have Christian children to remain qualified for ministry. Miller argues, though, that the Greek word πιστά is best rendered “faithful” in accordance with lexical, contextual, theological, and practical considerations.

Jacob Boyd

John Owen’s Theology of Public Worship

Boyd presents the case that John Owen pushed back against imposed liturgies, such as the Book of Common Prayer, because their enforcement crippled a congregation’s ability to worship God freely. Owen’s theology of public worship is established on the triune God and beholding him by faith now. A church’s worship should be characterized by actively being in communion with Christ and by looking at him through the prescribed ordinances of worship found in God’s Word.

Leland Brown

An All-Out Ministry: Strain and Suffering in Spurgeon’s Pastoral Theology

While C.H. Spurgeon’s sufferings and pastoral ministry have often been explored separately, Brown recognizes that Spurgeon viewed his suffering and ministry as going hand-in-hand. Pastors must suffer because they’re Christ’s servants, conduits of his grace to others. Spurgeon’s outlook is also a model for pastors today.

J. Brittain Brewer

Atonement by Union: Probing Crisp’s Union Account with John Owen

Oliver Crisp has recently suggested a novel “union account” that takes into consideration many of the classic atonement views while arguing for a basic coherence in terms of realistic solidarity with Christ. Brewer’s article appraises the strengths and weaknesses of Crisp’s account, suggesting the Reformed tradition, especially John Owen, provides a stronger atonement model that incorporates union and doesn’t fall prey to the problems of a realist solidarity.

Dennis M. Sullivan

Contraception and the Church: Making Sense of the Debate and Some Pastoral Advice

Sullivan reviews the ethical and theological issues surrounding birth control, with an emphasis on hormonal methods. He evaluates emergency contraception, intrauterine devices, natural family planning, and sterilization. The article concludes with practical implications for local-church ministry.

Robert P. Menzies

Simultaneous Prayer: A Pentecostal Perspective

Menzies responds to Scott D. MacDonald’s Themelios article that questions the practice of simultaneous prayer in Acts 4:23–31. Menzies argues that this passage describes the corporate practice of praying different prayers at the same time. The Acts 4 prayer, when viewed against the backdrop of Luke’s literary style and his emphasis on prayer, is neither preplanned nor liturgical.

J. David Willoughby

The Spirit of God and the Religions of the World: A Response to Amos Yong’s Claims

Amos Yong, an acclaimed Pentecostal scholar, argues for what he calls a pneumatological theology of religions. Such a viewpoint allows him to “bracket the soteriological question” and bypass the constraints of a narrow Christology, opening the possibility of salvation to those outside the Christian faith. Yong goes on to suggest the Holy Spirit sustains non-Christian religions and that they are, in fact, his instruments in the world today. Willoughby surveys Yong’s view on the Spirit and world religions, evaluates it in light of biblical data, and then proposes a more biblical way of speaking of the Spirit’s interaction among those of other faiths.

Cody Wilbanks

“We Do Not Lose Heart”: Theological Encouragement for Endurance and Opportunities for Reflection from 2 Corinthians 4:1–16

Pastors often experience great hardship in ministry and are prone to burnout and discouragement. Wilbanks explores Paul’s theological encouragement for endurance in 2 Corinthians 4:1–16 and offers opportunities for personal reflection for those in the throes of gospel ministry.

Book Reviews

Christian History Magazine on Christianity and Theatre

The latest issue of Christian History Magazine is devoted to ‘Christianity and Theater’.

From the blurb:

‘What does a Christian relationship with theater look like? Throughout the years, Christians have approached this question in numerous ways. Some in the early church, like Tertullian, rejected theater, identifying anti-Christian and idolatrous roots that made participation a problem. But others embraced theater, redeemed it, and created it.

‘Learn more about not only the most famous playwrights, but also about the abbesses, noblewomen, Mexican and African American dramatists, and contemporary actors who have brought the greatest Story ever told to new audiences through theater. Join us in this issue of Christian History as we explore the relationship between Christianity and theater, from critique to creative participation, starting in the early church and into the twentieth century.’

The whole magazine is available as a 11.9 MB pdf here.

Evangelical Review of Theology 48, 3 (August 2024)

The latest Evangelical Review of Theology is now online and available in its entirety as a pdf here.

Bruce Barron

Introduction to the Lausanne Articles and to This Issue

Hannes Wiher

50 Years of the Lausanne Movement

The Lausanne Movement is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year by holding its fourth global congress, in Incheon, Korea, on 22–28 September. In July 1974, 2,400 delegates from 150 countries met in Lausanne, Switzerland. Subsequently, the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization (LCWE) was formed, from which the Lausanne Movement emerged. In this article, I trace the historical background of the Lausanne Movement, including the circumstances of its birth and its development. I then set out its main theological positions, which are considered today as the basis of the evangelical identity. Finally, I evaluate the movement’s impact.

David W. Bennett

A Movement in Motion: A View from the Inside

What, exactly, is the Lausanne Movement? As it celebrates its 50th anniversary this year and prepares for the Fourth Lausanne Congress, to be held this September in Incheon, South Korea, how has the Lausanne Movement changed since the Third Lausanne Congress, which convened in Cape Town, South Africa, in 2010? What are some of the trends emerging within the movement, and the priorities shaping its direction?

Richard J. Mouw

Some Thoughts about a Divine Command Approach to Ethics

Christians treat the Ten Commandments as God’s law because he gave them to us. But is that a sufficient justification for ethics? Is God an arbitrary lawmaker to whom we must blindly submit because of his power and authority? Is it reasonable to trust God’s expertise? In this article, a long-respected evangelical ethicist offers mature reflections on these questions and more.

Thomas Paul Schirrmacher

Reflections on the Use and Misuse of Spiritual Gifts

Christians are often encouraged to figure out which spiritual gifts they do or do not have, so that they can function most effectively within the body of Christ. But we do not apply this concept consistently; for example, many churches make no effort to balance the gifts of various leaders or treat the head pastor as if he or she should possess all gifts. This article seeks to enhance our practical deployment of the diversity of abilities among believers.

Perry Shaw

Towards Indigenous Cosmopolitanism in Theological Education

Cross-cultural communication is difficult in any context due to conflicting worldviews, intellectual frameworks and cultural assumptions. It is even more difficult without sympathetic appreciation of the problem. Through acknowledgement, acceptance, appreciation and adaptation, it is possible to move to a posture of mutual enrichment in multicultural engagement.

Jill E. Nelson

Three Important Questions in Ministering to LGBTQ+ Persons

Evangelical Christians and congregations must deal with highly sensitive, practical questions on how to serve and minister to people with same-sex attraction while upholding the traditional biblical view of marriage and sexuality. This article presents a well-grounded approach to three such issues.

Worring Kashung

The Nagas’ Lohe Shawl and Galatians 3:28

The four Naga tribes of northeast India, regardless of their tribe, socio-economic status or gender, all wear the same type of shawl, known as the Lohe Shawl. This inclusive tradition could be a contemporary life illustration of Galatians 3:28 – except that the Nagas do not fully live out the shawl’s implications or properly apply Paul’s climactic declaration that ‘all are one in Christ Jesus.’ This article carefully pairs real-life and biblical exegesis to deepen the power of a classic Pauline lesson.

Evaluating Kwame Bediako’s Legacy

Book Reviews

Foundations 86 (Summer 2024)

Issue 86 of Foundations: An International Journal of Evangelical Theology, published by Affinity, is now available from here (now requiring an email address for a link to a downloadable pdf) which includes the below essays.

Donald John MacLean

Editorial

Jonathan Bayes

Review Article: Neo-Calvinism: A Theological Introduction

Steve Bishop

Abraham Kuyper: Inspiration, Revelation, and Scripture

This paper examines Kuyper’s view of the Scriptures. It stresses Kuyper’s organic and pneumocentric view of the Scriptures. These emphases serve to show that Scripture is both of divine and human origin.

Lee Gatiss

John Owen and Relating to God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit

This article presents the foundational importance of the Trinity for the Christian life. Considering the teaching of John Owen, and his context in the seventeenth century, helps us see that the great blessing of the Christian life is that we have fellowship with the one true and living God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit. And, in particular, that we have distinct communion with him as Father, as Son, and as Holy Spirit.

Roger Fay

John Wesley and Aldersgate

This article considers the significance of John Wesley’s experience on 24 May 1738 when his heart was “strangely warmed”. It argues against attempts to dilute the evangelical significance of this experience.

Ian Shaw

Slavery, the Slave Trade and Christians’ Theology – Part 1

In this article I explore the different positions taken by Christians in America and Britain, through the 17th to 19th Centuries, regarding slavery and the slave trade. In a second article I will reflect on the theological themes that framed how they thought, spoke and acted.

Thorsten Prill

Missionary – What’s in a Word? A Critical Discussion of a Disputed Term

This article discusses the meaning of the word “missionary” and its use in today’s church. It looks at the biblical, historical and contemporary understandings of a phrase which triggers a variety of responses even among Christians. Some insist that “missionary” has become a discredited term and others hold that it no longer reflects their broader understanding of mission. However, those who still use it find support both in the Scriptures and mission history. Given the similarity of the phrase “missionary” and the biblical term “apostle” one can argue that missionaries are followers of Christ who are sent to continue with the apostolic task without claiming the same authority as the Twelve or the Apostle Paul. Therefore, the preaching of the gospel, the planting of churches and the training of church leaders lie at the heart of their mission. This work might be accompanied by other activities, such as social, educational or medical programmes, but, as demonstrated by the early representatives of the Protestant mission movement, it should always be carried out with sensitivity, respect and humility.

Book Reviews

The Journal of Inductive Biblical Studies 9, 1 (2024)

The latest issue of the Journal of Inductive Biblical Studies is available online, with the below articles and their abstracts (where available). Individual essays are available from here, and the journal is available in its entirety as a pdf here.

David R. Bauer

From the Editors

Robert A. Traina

Method in Bible Training

This seminal article is re-published material of Dr. Traina’s that had only recently been published postmusously in 2019.1 When preparing to teach the Bible, one ought to consider general and specific aims, how best to structure the lessons, what are the sources and types of questions asked and discussed, as well as consider the how to introduce and illustrate materials. Traina methodically discusses such matters in addition to how to design student exercises with a variety of general and specific aims of the Bible teaching.

Benjamin J. Aich

Learning from D: Reading Pentateuchal Law with a View Toward Moral Instruction or Catechesis

This paper investigates Deuteronomy’s (‘D’) reading of Exodus (‘C’) in order to hear from the Mosaic voice through D, so that today’s interpreters would apprentice themselves to this author of pentateuchal law. The result of this apprenticeship might be the church’s growth in the Lord through moral instruction and catechesis, for D read C intending to promote obedience for the life of Israel. A second but equally important result of this apprenticeship might be a more profound understanding/reading of pentateuchal law rightly and sufficiently among God’s people.

Dorothy Jean Weaver

The Last and the First (Matt 21:16; 19:30): Women and Empire in Mathew’s Narrative

To reflect on the role of empire within Matthew’s narrative is to ask a question which spans the Gospel from beginning to end. And the language of imperial power within Matthew’s narrative functions above all to depict a male-oriented world and the actions of men vis-à-vis men. Accordingly, the interface between empire and women has been a question largely overlooked within Matthean scholarship. This article will highlight and assess the rhetorical interface between the powers of empire depicted by Matthew and numerous women within Matthew’s narrative, both women of empire and women identifiably subject to empire. And I will demonstrate not only the extraordinary presence of women vis-à-vis the powers of empire within Matthew’s narrative but also the heavily ironic character of most of these encounters between empire and women.

Suzanne Nicholson

An Exegetical Charcuterie Board: My Journey with Inductive Bible Study

Ruth Anne Reese

Preparation for Preaching: “Who is this King of Glory?”

Tony Merida on Church

Every month, The Good Book Company make available digital versions of one of their books at no charge. This month (August 2024) it’s Gather: Loving Your Church as You Celebrate Christ Together by Tony Merida, which is available in exchange for an email address here.